Transformer: What is it? (Definition And Working Principle)

Working Principle of Transformer

The working principle of a Power Transformer is very simple. Mutual induction between two or more windings (also known as coils) allows for electrical energy to be transferred between circuits. This principle is explained in further detail below.

According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, there will be an EMF induced in the second winding. If the circuit of this secondary winding is closed, then a current will flow through it. This is the basic working principle of a Distribution Transformer.

Let us use electrical symbols to help visualize this. The winding which receives electrical power from the source is known as the ‘primary winding’. In the diagram below this is the ‘First Coil’.

The winding which gives the desired output voltage due to mutual induction is commonly known as the ‘secondary winding’. This is the ‘Second Coil’ in the diagram above.

Whether the transformer increases or decreases the voltage level depends on the relative number of turns between the primary and secondary side of the Dry Type Transformer.

If there are more turns on the primary coil than the secondary coil than the voltage will decrease (step down).Low voltage (LV) switchgear is a broad terminology that includes a wide range of equipment like circuit breakers, switches, offload isolators, MCCBs, etc. within the 1 kV rating required to protect the LV system. The most common use of HV And LV Switchgear is in the LV distribution board which further comprises multiple segments like the main incomer, sub-incomers, feeders, etc. the size, configuration, and physical layout for switchgear vary as per specific requirements and standards.

The switchgear is of different type based on the voltage level at which it operates. HV switchgear operates at a voltage level of above 33 kV. MV switchgear operates at the voltage level of 33 kV and below. Likewise, LV switchgear operates at the voltage level of 1.1 kV maximum.

Irrespective of particular voltage levels, switchgear are known for their complete reliability, quick operation, and absolute isolation compared to other similar devices.